Rates are higher in men than in women, and the epidemiology is markedly affected by age and occupational exposures.Īlthough the etiology of IPF, the most common subtype of ILD, is unknown, several potential risk factors (eg, cigarette smoking, chronic viral infections, environmental factors) have been described. 2The prevalence is estimated to range from 1.2 to 76.4 per 100,000 for adults aged 18 to 34 years, and it increases to 4 to 227.2 per 100,000 among those 75 years or older. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) most commonĬhronic interstitial disease associated with collagen-vascular disorder (CTD)Įpidemiology including risk factors and primary preventionĪccording to one population-based study, the incidence of ILD is estimated to be 10.7 per 100,000 per year for men and 7.4 per 100,000 per year in women.Diffuse capacity is typically reduced and represents the most sensitive test of respiration.Īlthough the etiologies of RLD are diverse, the final functional deficits are similar. TLC below 80% of the predicted volume is indicative of interstitial lung disease (ILD) however, clinical correlation is mandatory. RLDs are characterized by reduced total lung capacity (TLC), vital capacity, or resting lung volume. It presents with various levels of respiratory insufficiency. Restrictive lung diseases (RLDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by reduced lung volume, primarily caused by an alteration in lung parenchyma or secondary to a disease of the pleura, chest wall, or neuromuscular apparatus.
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